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20 January 2021, Volume 44 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Textual Anticipation and the Putative Reader in Persuasive Discourse Peter R. R. White 2021, 44 (1):  2-20.  Abstract ( 1127 )   HTML ( 82 )   PDF（pc） (9570KB) ( 234 )   Save The notion that ‘monologic’ written texts construe for themselves a putative addressee (variously termed the ‘ideal’, ‘imagined’, ‘virtual’, ‘intended’, ‘model’ or ‘mock’ reader) has received a great deal of scholarly attention, initially by scholars of literary fiction and subsequently by discourse analysts more generally.This paper is concerned with putative-reader positioning in persuasive texts and with how, through observing the relationships of alignment and dis-alignment which the author enters into with this putative reader, it is possible to better understand the rhetorical workings of these texts.More specifically, it demonstrates how, through an analysis of which beliefs, expectations and attitudes the author projects onto this putative addressee it is possible to better understand how such a text may be persuasive, to more systematically describe the ‘compliant readings’ associated with a text and to more thoroughly deal with ‘ideological’ workings of persuasive texts as they naturalize particular value systems and world views.In outlining and demonstrating an approach to analyses of putative-addressee positioning, the paper draws on prior work in literary criticism scholarship and in university composition studies.Its primary focus, however, is on developing prior work on the putative addressee in the appraisal-framework literature, in particular work which has attended to the role of the resources of dialogistic positioning (ENGAGEMENT) in ‘writing the reader into the text’. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ambient Affiliation in Comments on YouTube Videos:Communing Around Values About ASMR Michele Zappavigna 2021, 44 (1):  21-40.  Abstract ( 1467 )   HTML ( 43 )   PDF（pc） (8810KB) ( 450 )   Save This paper explores ambient affiliation within the ASMR community on YouTube, investigating how values are communed around in YouTube comments.This community consists of viewers who watch videos designed to elicit an Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR), that is, a pleasurable sensory reaction to visual or aural stimuli.The paper focuses on the linguistic resources involved in orienting the ambient audience to the values shared, as couplings of ATTITUDE and IDEATION, in the comments feed.Because most comments do not receive any reply, rather than dialogic affiliation, a framework for analysing communing affiliation, based on Zappavigna and Martin's (2018) approach to Twitter data, is applied.Three systems of meaning are considered:convoking (mustering community around a coupling), finessing (dialogically positioning a coupling), and promoting (emphasising a coupling).The paper develops these systems in terms of delicacy.The attitudinal component of the couplings is analysed using the Appraisal framework (Martin and White 2005).The dataset explored is the comments feed of the most viewed video on the Gentle Whispering ASMR YouTube channel, the most popular ASMR channel at the time of writing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mapuche People:Valuing a Colonial Past in the Official Primary History Textbook from an Intermodal Perspective of Historical Sources Teresa Oteíza 2021, 44 (1):  41-63.  Abstract ( 806 )   Save This article explores from an intermodal perspective how visual and verbal historical documents contribute to the construction of value positions regarding the Mapuche people during colonial and early republican times in the latest official 5th grade primary Chilean History textbook.The study analyzes, in particular, the visual and verbal historical secondary sources that build in combination evaluative prosodies that in turn contribute to construct determinate ideological perspectives regarding Mapuche people.The discourse analysis takes a social and ideological intermodal approach (Oteíza & Pinuer 2016, 2019) focusing on an appraisal analysis (Martin & White 2005; Martin 2014; Hood 2010; Oteíza & Pinuer 2012, 2019) informed by socio-semiotic and Systemic Functional Linguistics theories.The cumulative intersemiotic reading of symbolic images and written documents privileges evaluative prosodies of negative integrity and of high conflict, in which Mapuche people are represented with more agency than Hispanics, emphasizing the stereotype of indigenous people as foreign, exotic and brave warriors, but also as violent, primitive and savage people that have had resisted Hispanic desires of slavering and cultural assimilation.Historical secondary sources offer alternative historical interpretations, although mainly constructed by evoked evaluations that could be less evident to children. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Typological Characteristics of Existential Verbs and Tense-Aspect Markers DU Dan, WU Chunxiang 2021, 44 (1):  64-75.  Abstract ( 1498 )   Save From the perspective of linguistic typology, this paper finds that Progressive and Continuous, and their related grammatical morphemes are mostly derived from existential verbs, including existential, copulative, possessive, displacement, residential and locative semantics.The linguistic phenomenon is cross-linguistically universal.On this basis, this paper investigates the evolution path and implicative universals of existential verbs and tense-aspect markers from the perspective of typology.It is found that mighty category characteristics of existential verbs, transformation from spatial domain to time domain, and semantic generalizations contribute to the progressive/continuous body markers evolving from existential verbs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Objectification and Boundarization of Chinese “(Da) Yue” AI Zhaoyang, CHEN Rongshu 2021, 44 (1):  76-90.  Abstract ( 1158 )   Save Most prepositions evolve from verbs. However, previous researches have rarely indicated that the Chinese "Yue" has been prepositionalized, though it shares the same structure as the Chinese "Zai" which is considered as a preposition. This has caused a conflict in analyzing the same grammatical structure. To fix this problem, this paper investigates into the word "(Da)Yue" diachronically and synchronically based on the Chinese Corpus from the perspectives of the changing relationship between the subject and the object, the diachronic change of the sentential length, and the grammaticalization process of prepositions. The investigation shows that "Yue" is not necessarily the abbreviation of "Da Yue", and that "Yue" has experienced a process of grammaticalization. This process includes a semantic objectification, a morphological boundarization, and a structural subordination and degradation. To conclude, the Chinese verb "Yue" tends to be prepositionalized and now has been unified as both a preposition and an adverb. This research has testified an applicable and simple mechanism for grammaticalization, prepositionalization and so on. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Language Innovation in Literary Translation Jun XU 2021, 44 (1):  91-98.  Abstract ( 1474 )   HTML ( 75 )   PDF（pc） (5215KB) ( 302 )   Save Translation is,and always has been,an important pathway for language development.Fostering language innovation is one of the great values of translation,but it is not easy to achieve language innovation in translation,for the introduction of neologisms and new expressions in translation is to meet with resistance from the target language.The more original they are,the greater resistance they encounter in translation.In order to maintain the possibility of language innovation while sustaining the impact of translation,we need to pay enough attention to the translation-resistance of literary language,refraining from "smoothing out" the qualities of the original language in the name of smoothness and fluency.And we also need to well understand and reconcile "translationese" and "linguistic foreigness",trying to preserve the heterogeneity in lexicon,syntax,narrative and other aspects of the original work,so as to help translation fulfil its mission of conveying differences,opening up space for language innovation,reproducing the literariness of the original work,and enriching the culture. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Historiography of Translation in the West and Its Relevance to Current Translation Studies (TS) Research in the Chinese Context Zaixi TAN 2021, 44 (1):  99-105.  Abstract ( 1186 )   HTML ( 37 )   PDF（pc） (4277KB) ( 214 )   Save This is a historiographical study of translation in the West,focusing on how such fundamental issues as "the nature of translation","the principles and methods of translation" and "the role of the agency of translation" have been dealt with throughout history and on their implications to present-day translation studies in the West.Starting from an ethno-convergent view of translation studies,which the author has all along been arguing for,the paper posits the relevance of the historiogaphical study of translation in the West to studies in the current Chinese TS field,and that an open-mindedness in TS research,i.e.,a scholarly attitude that is neither Eurocentric nor Sinocentric,will be beneficial to TS development in the Chinese context and beyond. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Criticism as Event and Construction of Translation Theory Yunhong LIU 2021, 44 (1):  106-114.  Abstract ( 1204 )   HTML ( 32 )   PDF（pc） (5813KB) ( 190 )   Save Translation criticism has a pivotal role in bringing forth translation theory,not only as a bond between theory and practice,but a device conducive to their interplay.By recourse to event theory's key concepts,this article focuses on the discussion of the Chinese translation of Le rouge et le noir,a major event in China's history of translation criticism,and on translation criticism on overseas translation of Chinese literature.It tries to pinpoint the active part that translation criticism plays as an event in the construction and consolidation of translation theory,as well as the elements which mould translation criticism into an event,such as opportunity,driving force and subject,so that translation criticism may better achieve its due value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Medial Turn and Multimodal Translation Studies WU Yun 2021, 44 (1):  115-123.  Abstract ( 2393 )   Save Translation studies as an academic discipline has long been focusing on interlingual translation theories and practices.However, with the ‘medial turn’ in its disciplinary development, which is characterized by multiple forms of texts and integrated ways of communication, translation studies are now faced with the challenge to account for meaning production and transmission in inter-or multi-semiotic translation practices.This article sets out to theorize multimodal translation studies in the context of ‘medial turn’, by giving its history and definition, specifying its types in a systematic manner, mapping its research scope, and introducing current research methodologies concerning multimodal translation studies. References | Related Articles | Metrics