英语双重谓语句的语篇性

On the Discourse Features of the English Clause with Double Predicate

  • 摘要: 本文拟从认知功能的视角出发,研究英语双重谓语句的语篇性。研究的问题是:既然DP句已经取得约定俗成的语言单位的地位,而且已融入PredAdjSbj be PredAdj构式的整体抽象式的网络,为什么不能成为构式?DP句在体现语境时有两个基本特征,即结构上的双重性和语义上的具体性,我们统称为语篇性。对55个DP句构成的随机语料的分析结果说明,DP核心句的成分具有若干明显的语篇特征,而这些特征集中证明了DP句的语篇性。这一分析结果又为以35个DP句构成的系统语料所验证。两种语料的分析结果表明DP句这些语篇特征具有普遍性和系统性,因而只能是语境决定的,可以看作是DP句的语境的印迹。DP句的语篇特征如此突出,从DP句推导出语境应该立竿见影。对两个样例的分析肯定了这一推论,从而进一步说明DP句的这些特征是其体现语境的印迹。由于DP句体现语境的双重性和具体性,重复使用某些DP句可以凸显非同寻常的社会语境。这也反映了DP句的语篇特征源于语境。最后论文指出,DP句的语篇性就是它的局限性,每一个特征对DP句体现语境都是一个局限,因此DP句只能体现一种语境,而不能体现其他。体现语境的局限就是在语篇中使用的局限。这为一本小说和一篇短篇小说中DP句的极低的出现率所证实。DP句的出现率与PredAdjSbj be PredAdj句的出现率相比差距悬殊。DP句保留了语境的许多特征,因而无法被去语境化而成为构式。Saussure说语言是一种手段,一种工具(2006:120)。DP句是一种专用工具,因而不能成为构式那样的通用工具。

     

    Abstract: This paper aims to study the discourse features of the English double predicate from a cognitive-functional perspective.The research question is while the DP clause has acquired the conventional linguistic unit status, thus becoming part of the full schematic network of PredAdjSbj be PredAdj construction, why it cannot be a construction on its own? A study of 55 instances of the DP clause as random sampling is conducted, which reveals a number of specific discourse features of the elements of the nuclear DP clause that point to the two basic discourse features of the clause, namely, double in structure and specific in meaning in realizing the context in which it is used.The results are further confirmed by a study of 35 instances of the DP clause as systematic sampling, which brings to light the fact that these features are so comprehensive and so systematic that they can only be determined by the context and therefore may be regarded as traces of the context.As the discourse features stand out so prominent in the DP clause, it follows that the context should be readily inferable from the DP clause as part of the text.Two samples are examined and the results confirm the hypothesis, thus giving additional evidence to the discourse features as traces of the contexts.Further evidence is also provided by examining the repetition of some DP clauses that appear in a short span of discourse, which, due to their specificity in realizing the context, serve to highlight some severe social context.Finally it is pointed out that the discourse features of the DP clause are themselves limitations to the clause in its realization of context, each imposing a limitation on the DP clause, with the result that the DP clause is limited to one type of context to the exclusion of all others.The limitations on its realization of context means the limitations on its use in discourse.This is evidenced statistically by its rare occurrences in a novel and in a short story, which compare poorly with the occurrences of clauses ofPredAdjSbj be PredAdj structure.As the discourse features indicate, the DP clause retains so much of the context that it cannot be decontextualized enough to be a construction on its own.Saussure states that language above all is a means, an instrument(2006:120).The DP clause is a tool for special purposes in the linguistic kit, so it cannot be one for all purposes.That is why it cannot be a construction on its own.

     

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