主观化视角下的“有”义及其用法探讨

A Probe into the Semantics of You(有) and Its Usages from the Perspective of Subjectification Construal

  • 摘要: “有”的不同语义及其用法长期备受语言学界关注,但对它的阐释却鲜有统一的模式。本研究着眼于“有”的概念本质,以语言的主观化为视角,基于认知语法的主观性识解理论,提出四个观点:一是“领有”义建基于“存在”义,是语言的主观化过程;二是“有”的反义词“无”“没”用法表明:两者虽具有概念重合,但“无”倾向于否定“存在”,“没”倾向于否定“领有”;三是“无”与“没”的概念重合很可能昭示了“存在”与“领有”的概念重合;四是“存在”“领有”义因识解的主观性程度不同而形成连续体模式,“有”的用法皆可统一于该模式得到阐释。

     

    Abstract: The Chinese character you(有), with its different semantics and usages, has long been the concern in the field of linguistics, but the interpretation of its meanings and uses has seldom been made within the same model.Based on the subjectivity theory in cognitive grammar, the present study looks into the conceptual nature of you from the perspective of subjectification, and proposes four points of view:(1) The meaning of "owning" is based on the meaning of "existing".It is a process of subjectifcation.(2) The usages of wu(无)and mei(没), the antonyms of you, indicate that they have conceptual overlapping, but wu tends to be the negation of "existing", while mei tends to be that of "owning".(3) The conceptual overlapping between wu and mei probably uncloses the conceptual overlapping between "existing" and "owning".(4) The meanings of "existing" and "owning" form a continuum with construal of different degrees of subjectivity.The usages of you can be also explained within this model.

     

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