王军. 从语义关联层面看汉语的时间性特质[J]. 外国语, 2020, 43(4): 44-52.
引用本文: 王军. 从语义关联层面看汉语的时间性特质[J]. 外国语, 2020, 43(4): 44-52.
WANG Jun. Temporality in Chinese: A Semantic Co-relation Perspective[J]. Journal of Foreign Languages, 2020, 43(4): 44-52.
Citation: WANG Jun. Temporality in Chinese: A Semantic Co-relation Perspective[J]. Journal of Foreign Languages, 2020, 43(4): 44-52.

从语义关联层面看汉语的时间性特质

Temporality in Chinese: A Semantic Co-relation Perspective

  • 摘要: 对于汉语是空间性的语言,时间性的语言,还是时空同构的语言这个问题,学界存在不同的观点。为了较为深入地认识汉语的时空特质问题,我们需要弄清楚几组对立的概念,即:名词的空间性与动词的时间性,以及由此延伸的对汉英句构的认识;汉语的字形组构与词、词组及句子结构;汉语的形式表达层面与语义关联层面;自然时间顺序与规约时间顺序。对不同研究层面的关注,或从不同的研究视角出发进行研究,往往会产生截然不同的结论。当我们从语义关联层面审视汉语时,就会发现在汉语的复合词、偏正结构、动结式、并列词语(binomial)、复句以及流水句中均存在较为显著的时间性关系,这进一步印证了汉语是一种象似性程度较高的语言的论断,汉语思维的时间性特质非常显著。

     

    Abstract: Is Chinese a spatial language, temporal language or a space/time-conflation language? This has been argued quite extensively. In order to have a better and comprehensive understanding of the space-time issue in Chinese, it is quite necessary to distinguish the following distinct concepts:nominal spatiality vs. verbal temporality, the extended conceptualization of time-space-conflation; the character's graphic configuration vs. word, word cluster and clause structure; the linguistic expression vs. the semantic co-relation; natural temporal order vs. conventional temporal order. Different conclusions would be drawn with respect to the foci on different research facets, or the starting points from which certain studies are initiated. A semantic-co-relation-based study of Chinese would show that prominent temporal traits can be found in such structures as compounds, modifier-core structures, verb-resultative constructions, binomials, subordinate clauses and run-on sentences. These are further proofs to support the claim that Chinese is a language of higher iconicity, and typical of thinking in terms of temporality.

     

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