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系词的形式与功能——兼论名词谓语句

张姜知, 张颖

张姜知, 张颖. 系词的形式与功能——兼论名词谓语句[J]. 外国语, 2017, 40(2): 62-72.
引用本文: 张姜知, 张颖. 系词的形式与功能——兼论名词谓语句[J]. 外国语, 2017, 40(2): 62-72.
shu
ZHANG Jiangzhi, ZHANG Ying. Forms and Functions of Copulas: A Study on Nominal Predicate Sentences[J]. Journal of Foreign Languages, 2017, 40(2): 62-72.
Citation: ZHANG Jiangzhi, ZHANG Ying. Forms and Functions of Copulas: A Study on Nominal Predicate Sentences[J]. Journal of Foreign Languages, 2017, 40(2): 62-72.
shu

系词的形式与功能——兼论名词谓语句

  • 1.

    厦门大学 海外教育学院, 福建 厦门 361102

  • 2.

    成都理工大学 传播科学与艺术学院, 四川 成都 610059

基金项目: 教育部人文社会科学研究项目“基于并置关系的汉语（教学）语法体系研究”（15YJC740130）；中央高校基本业务费资助项目“基于语言类型学的汉英教学研究”（20720151167）；福建省社科规划项目“基于英汉结构对比的阅读技巧研究”（2014C015）。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张姜知(1984-),助理教授,硕士生导师。研究方向:语法学、语言教学

    张颖(1983-),成都理工大学传播科学与艺术学院讲师,四川大学文学与新闻学院在读博士生。研究方向:汉语国际教育。

  • 中图分类号: H04

Forms and Functions of Copulas: A Study on Nominal Predicate Sentences

  • 1.

    Overseas Education College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China

  • 2.

    College of Communication Science and Art, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

摘要

    摘要
  • 摘要: 前人对系词的认识，大致有“连接说”“傀儡说”“谓词说”三种观点。这些观点都有局限，特别不适用于汉语。本文从共时和历时的角度，跨语言描写系词隐现的规律，从而揭示系词的功能并解释名词谓语句，得知系词的作用是标明或强调“话题-述题”关系，即“增强标述性”功能。词类句法语法化程度较高的语言（如英语），系词是语法性质的、刚性的，语法上规定了系词是否出现；词类句法语法化程度较低的语言（如汉语），系词是语用性质的、柔性的，“话题-述题”关系是否明确或是否需要强调，决定是否出现系词。
    Abstract: Theories on the functions of copulas normally include Linker Hypothesis, Dummy Hypothesis and Predicator Hypothesis, all of which have their limitations, especially when applied to Chinese.In a cross-linguistic perspective, the present paper describes the copulas synchronically and diachronically, revealing that the functions of copulas are to indicate or emphasize the interpretation of “topic-comment”, i.e.predicate-indicator.Copulas are obligatory in more grammaticalized languages (such as English), and thus they are called grammatical copulas.In less grammaticalized languages (such as Chinese), the interpretation of “topic-comment” relation resorts to context and world knowledge.Copulas in these languages are optional and are thus called pragmatic copulas.
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2015-09-01
  • 刊出日期:  2017-03-19

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