Abstract: Profound changes have been found in every aspect of translation and various problems and puzzles have been highlighted in the practice and researches of Chinese Literary Translation in the new era.Accordingly, this paper analyzes the issues concerning literary translation and transmission in terms of the translation orientation, essential features and values, from the perspective of Polysystem theory, together with a rethinking of its core concepts and views.It proposes that in the practical investigation and theoretical research on Chinese Literary Translation, the deep grasp of translation autonomy and full understanding of translation growth can effectively promote the translation and transmission of Chinese literature.