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类型学视角下汉语的混合格配置模式

于秀金, 金立鑫

于秀金, 金立鑫. 类型学视角下汉语的混合格配置模式[J]. 外国语, 2020, 43(5): 30-45.
引用本文: 于秀金, 金立鑫. 类型学视角下汉语的混合格配置模式[J]. 外国语, 2020, 43(5): 30-45.
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YU Xiujin, JIN Lixin. A Typological Approach to Mixed Case-alignment Patterns in Chinese[J]. Journal of Foreign Languages, 2020, 43(5): 30-45.
Citation: YU Xiujin, JIN Lixin. A Typological Approach to Mixed Case-alignment Patterns in Chinese[J]. Journal of Foreign Languages, 2020, 43(5): 30-45.
shu

类型学视角下汉语的混合格配置模式

  • 1.

    山东财经大学 外国语学院, 山东 济南 250014

  • 2.

    上海外国语大学 语言研究院, 上海 200083

  • 3.

    江苏师范大学 语言科学与艺术学院, 江苏 徐州 221009

详细信息
    作者简介:

    于秀金,博士,教授。研究方向:语言类型学

    金立鑫,博士,教授,博士生导师。研究方向:语言类型学、普通语言学。

  • 中图分类号: H003

A Typological Approach to Mixed Case-alignment Patterns in Chinese

  • 1.

    School of Foreign Studies, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014, China

  • 2.

    Institute of Linguistic Studies, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 200083, China

  • 3.

    School of Linguistic Sciences and Arts, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221009, China

摘要

    摘要
  • 摘要: 世界语言中存在时-体-情态、谓语动词的语义以及核心NP的语义等因素所制约的主宾格模式和施通格模式并存的现象。在很多语言主宾格和施通格并存的模式中，同一形态语素或零形态在格功能上经常具有通格和主格的分化现象。本文在跨语言视角下论证汉语具有不同类型的动词/动结式（V/VC）和结果体共同制约的主宾格和施通格并存的模式。汉语无标记的基础语序或句法位置可看作广义语法形态，它具有标示格的句法功能。施通格"把"字句和通格句是施通格模式中的句式，其格配置模式与主宾格句和主格句的格配置模式不同。从格标志的功能分化上看，"把"字句的施通格与主宾格句的主宾格发生了分化，[SABS V/VC]中的通格和[SNOM V/VC]中的主格发生了分化，而[V/VC SABS]中的通格和[V/VC PACC]中的宾格发生了分化。
    Abstract: It is common for a certain language to have both nominative-accusative and ergative-absolutive patterns in the world, which is conditioned by the factors of tense-aspect-modality, semantic nature of predicative verb and semantic nature of core NP, etc. In the coexistence of the nominative-accusative pattern and the ergative-absolutive pattern in many languages, a differentiation between absolutive case and nominative case often occurs in the case function of the same morphological morpheme or a zero morpheme. From a cross-linguistic view, this article attempts to show that Chinese has the coexistence of nominative-accusative pattern and ergative-absolutive pattern conditioned by different types of verbs or verbal complexes (VC) and resultative aspect. It is proposed that in Chinese the unmarked basic word order or syntactic positions can serve as case markers to exhibit a certain case-alignment pattern. The ergative-absolutive Ba-construction and the absolutive construction fall into the ergative-absolutive pattern, which is different from the case-alignment pattern of the nominative-accusative construction and the nominative construction. In terms of the differentiation of the functions of case markers, it is observed that differentiations occur between ergative-absolutive case in the Ba-construction and nominative-accusative case in the nominative-accusative construction, between absolutive case in[SABS V/VC] and nominative case in[SNOM V/VC], and between absolutive case in[V/VC SABS] and accusative case in[V/VC PACC].
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2019-05-19
  • 刊出日期:  2020-09-19

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