为何有“Y处坐着X”/“Y死了X”一类语序?——凸显消息意义的相关句式系统溯因

Why Such Word Order as “On the stage were sitting X”/“Y died his father”?—A Functional Account of Message-Salient Constructions in Modern Chinese

  • 摘要: 关于句式的语法关系,自20世纪50年代中期以来,一直令人头疼。本文从系统功能语言学的概念、人际、语篇三元理论的角度,对该类句式及其变式给出成因解说。一个小句能同时体现三者,但不同语境有不同要求,会凸显其中一到两种意义类别,产生相应句式。这里讨论相关句式凸显的是语篇功能,从而出现"标记主题主位+非标记信息尾重"主导句和"±标记主题主位+非标记信息尾重"主导句,以实现相应交际目的。作者最后提出进一步研究的课题,诸如(除消息凸显之外同时)凸显概念和/或人际意义的句式。

     

    Abstract: The identification of grammatical relations of clausal constructions in Modern Chinese has been problematic since the issue caught people's attention and aroused extensive debates in the middle 1950s and afterwards.This study furthers the discussions from the perspective of the three meta-functions, namely, ideational, interpersonal and textual, of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL).It explains why there have been such constructions and their variants.Although a clause realizes the three meta-functions simultaneously, one or two of them have salient priority over the other(s) under different contexts.This paper focuses on those cases that prioritize the textual functions.Then two related types based on their thematic and information statuses are sorted out:"marked topical theme + unmarked end-focus" and "marked/unmarked topical theme + unmarked end-focus".This approach can shed light on investigating other typical constructions that are salient with ideational and/or interpersonal functions.

     

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