事态性否定的分化——以“并不X”“又不X”的构式竞争为例

Differentiation of Negation from the Perspective of State of Affairs: A Case Study on the Construction Competition Between 'bingbu X' and 'youbu X'

摘要: “并不X”与“又不X”两个构式的区分一直受到学界重视，对两者的对比分析众说纷纭，既有的转折—原因说、意中—意外说、客观—主观说、直接—间接说都提供了重要洞见，但也都有可讨论的余地。首先，本文将“并不X”与“又不X”锁定于构式竞争的环境之中，控制其他不直接相关的功能变量。其次，对于直接对立的功能语境，借助事态性学说的理论工具，发现两构式的本质区分是事态性否定的分化：前者否定事态的实然性，后者否定事态的应然性。最后，我们根据该解释框架回应了“并不X”与“又不X”若干棘手问题以及前人研究主张之间的可通约性。

Abstract: This paper makes a comparison on two negation constructions in modern Mandarin: 'bingbu X' and 'youbu X'.With a comprehensive review of the existing studies, it focuses on the key nuances of the two constructions by posing them in the framework of construction competition, and by controlling undirected variables.Then based on of the theory of state of affairs, it pragmatically differentiates their essential distinction: 'bingbu X' represents the negation of what it is, while 'youbu X' the negation of what should be.The given account both solves some tough problems and shows the interpretability in the existing studies.