现代汉语的尝试构式

The Tentative Construction in Modern Chinese

  • 摘要: 汉语学界一直都把句尾的"看"当作表达尝试态的动态助词。本文在对历时和共时广泛调查的基础上,论证"看"自身并不表达尝试义,只是表示"观察"尝试行为所带来的结果如何,而整个构式的尝试义则是由谓语动词自身所带的表达短时量的成分承担的,这些成分主要是动词重叠式、动量词、趋向补语、宾语的数量定语等。既然确定"看"并不是表达尝试义的,就不难发现尝试构式的使用范围并不限于祈使句或者非现实句,也常见于表达现实已发生事件的陈述句中。此外,我们还考察了汉语方言表达尝试范畴的多种形式,并从历时的角度考察了现代汉语尝试构式的成因。

     

    Abstract: In the circle of Chinese linguistics, it has been widely accepted that the verb kàn 'see' in the sentence-final position is a tentative aspect, which is highly grammaticalized.On the basis of our large-scale investigation, we demonstrate that kàn itself does not express the tentative meaning but refers to an 'observe' action for the result of the preceding tentative action.In fact, the tentative meaning comes from the delimitative quantifiers that follows the main verb, such as verb reduplication, verbal classifiers, directive resultatives, and the 'number + classifier' phrases used as the attributives of the object nouns.Also, the tentative instances are not limited to imperative sentences or other subjunctive cases, and they can freely appear in regular declarative sentences.In addition, the various tentative constructions in Chinese dialects have been examined and their diachronic origins have been explored.

     

/

返回文章
返回