身份研究的会话分析路径

A Conversation Analytic Approach to Identity

  • 摘要: 会话分析是以自然发生的言谈应对为研究材料,发掘社会成员执行社会行为所用会话常规的一种定性研究方法。会话分析视角下的身份是与交际事件相关的情境身份,具有指示性;它通过会话常规触发和实现,并影响会话的序列结构。运用会话分析方法研究身份首先要从语料中识别反复出现在某一序列位置的会话常规,然后分析与该会话常规相关的情境身份以及该情境身份对会话发展路径的影响,并总结出该会话常规在会话结构层面展现的规律,最后通过反例分析从交际参与者的角度证明该规律的确存在。

     

    Abstract: Conversation Analysis is a qualitative research method based on naturally occurring talk-in-interaction.Its aim is to discover the common methods people use to implement social actions in social life.The identity from the conversation analytic perspective is a situated identity, which is indexical.Situated identity is invoked and achieved by conversational practices and has consequences on the moment-by-moment unfolding sequences of talk.For a study of identity in conversation analysis, the first step is to locate an identity-related practice.The second step is to demonstrate how interactants orient to that situated identity and to display the procedural consequentiality exerted by that situated identity.As a result of the preceding analysis, an interactional pattern is discovered indexing the relation between the conversational practice and the situated identity.The final step is to evidence the existence of the discovered pattern from the perspective of the interactants through an extra layer of deviant case analysis.

     

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