双“每”句中的受约变量及其优势解读

Double Mei(每) Constructions:Bound Variable Interpretations and Salient Reading

  • 摘要: 每Cl-NP1+V+每Cl-NP2的+NP3"句式涉及"每"-短语做受约变量这一汉语独特的现象,以往的研究并未深入讨论。本文从生成语法和形式语义学的角度,认为"每-Cl-NP2"受到全称量化短语"每-Cl-NP1"的约束,作用是使NP3成为变量,从而与NP1形成匹配关系。句法上,受到约束理论的制约,"每-Cl-NP2"不能是先行语的共论元,而必须是先行语共论元中的修饰语。语义上,NP3不能是定指的,指谓的集合基数必须大于一;根据NP3在现实生活中是否被NP2独占,它们之间有一一对应和非多对一两种关系。"每-Cl-NP2"存在歧义,但是事件的个人性、不可重复性会使其倾向于受约变量解读。本文还提出, "一-Cl-NP" "各"和"都"帮助下的"谁"也能有重复式受约变量用法,尽管它们之间匹配要求不同。

     

    Abstract: Mei-Cl-NP1+V+Mei-Cl-NP2+De+NP3 sentences involve the unique Mandarin phenomenon of "Mei" -phrase as a bound variable,which has not been discussed in depth in previous studies.From the perspective of generative grammar and formal semantics,the paper holds that Mei-Cl-NP2 is bound by the universal quantifier phrase Mei-Cl-NP1,and its function is to help NP3 become a variable so that NP1 and NP3 can form a matching relationship.Syntactically,this use observes the constraints imposed by Binding Theory.Mei-Cl-NP2 cannot be a co-argument with its antecedent,and has to be a modifier of the co-argument.Semantically,NP3 cannot be definite,and the cardinality of the set it denotes must be greater than one.According to whether NP3 is unique for NP2 in real life,the construction has two types of semantics:a one-to-one relation and a non-many-to-one relation between NP2 and NP3.Mei-Cl-NP2 is ambiguous,though the bound variable reading is salient in some cases,which is usually related to individuality or non-repeatability of the event in question.The paper also points out that yi-Cl-NP,ge,and shui with the help of dou can all have the same pattern as mei-Cl-NP2,though they have different matching requirements.

     

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