修辞隐喻的词汇触发——以汉语“飞翔”为例

Lexical Priming of Rhetorical Metaphor—A Case Study of the Chinese Lexicon of feixiang

  • 摘要: 隐喻不仅仅是语义的偏离,而且往往具有与本义不同的搭配型式,这是目前语料库隐喻研究的主流观点。但这些研究考察的几乎都是多义词的规约隐喻,很大程度忽略了修辞隐喻可能的不同。本文以汉语"飞翔"为例,以词汇触发理论、规范与活用理论为框架,研究修辞隐喻在搭配、语义关联、类联接和语用关联四方面与本义触发的异同。结果显示,修辞隐喻的触发与本义的触发并不存在根本性的不同,恰恰相反,修辞隐喻更多的是借用了本义的使用规范,从而达成在语义偏离和语言规范之间的平衡。修辞隐喻与本义触发的不同主要在次级语义层面,虽然本义的整体事件框架被映射到了修辞隐喻,但突显了不同的语义角色,这也导致了类联接方面的一些细微变化。

     

    Abstract: A widely-accepted view in corpus linguistics is that metaphors are different from their literal use in both meanings and linguistic patterns.However, this conclusion was drawn by analyzing conventional metaphors, with rhetorical metaphors being neglected.This paper presents a case study of the Chinese lexicon of feixiang (fly) in the frameworks of Lexical Priming Theory and Theory of Norms and Exploitations, and explores its primings of rhetorical usage, including the collocation, semantic association, colligation as well as pragmatic association.The results show that there are no fundamental differences between the primings of rhetorical feixiang and literal feixiang.On the contrary, the rhetorical usage of feixiang employs the norms of its literal sense to strike a balance between the semantic deviation and linguistic norms.The difference between the rhetorical and literal usage occurs primarily on the sub-level of meaning.Though the general event structure of feixiang is mapped onto the rhetorical usage, different semantic roles are profiled, which also leads to some subtle changes in colligation.

     

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