大学校名的英语命名与翻译问题及其理论依据
English Naming and Translation Problems of University Names
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摘要: 大学校名的英语命名和翻译格式是有章可循的。就命名格式类型来说,英语大学校名有"X University"和"University of X"两个基本格式。就命名源头而言,英语大学校名可分地名命名和非地名命名。大学校名的英语命名和翻译的基本规律是,如以非地名命名,一律强制性地使用"X University"格式。如以地名命名,虽然刚性语法规则允准"X University"和"University of X"两种格式,但是,柔性语用原则优先选择"University of X"格式,这是个无条件的默认格式。违反此规律的用例一定另有原因。这些规律的背后是制约"名词+名词"结构的普遍性条件,植根于深层次的语言学理据。本文在此基础上还援用Kachru(1985)"三环同心圆"理论,就如何改进我国大学校名的英语命名与翻译提出了切实可行的政策建议。Abstract: This paper examines issues concerning the English naming and translation of university names.The study reveals two predominant formats employed in university names: "X University" and "University of X".These formats are further classified based on the naming origins, namely location and non-location.Universities named after non-location usually adopt the "X University" format.For universities named after location, although grammatical rules endorse both formats, pragmatic principles give unconditional preference to the format of "University of X".Based on Kachru’s three concentric circles theory of English (1985), this paper identifies problems in the practice of university naming and translation, and subsequently provides practical suggestions for improvement.