Abstract: Knowledge, once generated, is often quickly followed by translation, which facilitates its wide dissemination. The relationship between knowledge and translation is intimate, permeating each other: translation activities are embedded in the production of knowledge and vice versa. This paper focuses on the translation of mathematical works during the Ming and Qing dynasties to discuss the translation of knowledge and the knowledge obtained through translation. Here, the translation of knowledge refers to the practical translation of mathematical knowledge, while the knowledge of translation refers to the mathematical knowledge translated. The translation of mathematical works during the Ming and Qing dynasties marked two climaxes in China's systematic translation of Western mathematical knowledge. In these two large-scale translation practices, specific problems regarding knowledge and translation were encountered. Solving these problems signifies the resolution of the fundamental issues in the translation of mathematical works during the Ming and Qing dynasties. By analyzing the translation of knowledge and the knowledge from translation in the practice of mathematical translation during these two dynasties, this study concludes that the translation of mathematical works during these two dynasties gradually formed the basic theory of translating mathematical knowledge. Furthermore, it introduced new mathematical knowledge to China, contributing to the formation of a new system of mathematical knowledge and laying a solid foundation for the development of China's mathematical discipline system.