何以完句:特征几何视阈下的形容词谓语句

Sentence (In)completeness of Adjectival Predicates: From a Feature Geometry Perspective

  • 摘要: 已有对形容词谓语句的完句分析难以一致处理跨语言的标记难题。一方面,理论预测的完句标记未实现时仍可完句,如俄语;另一方面,理论预测的完句标记实现后依然不能完句,如汉语。本文在特征几何的框架下,提出系词、时制乃至形态并非形谓句完句受限的决定性因素,而是核查活跃特征的外在表现形式。自然语言的形谓句之所以完句受限,是因为AP域普遍存在不可解释的锚定特征集u锚定。个别语言之所以在完句手段上有差异,是因为特征几何的核查形式不同。

     

    Abstract: Previous analyses on the sentence (in)completeness of adjectival predicates fail to predict the occurrence of the markers cross-linguistically. On one hand, without the completeness markers that are supposed to appear, the sentences are felicitous, e.g. Russian. On the other hand, even with the presence of the completeness markers, the sentences cannot be completed, e.g. Mandarin. Under the framework of Feature Geometry, this paper argues that copulas, tense and inflection are treated as the results of checking active features. Rather, the cause of (in)completeness effects is generally attributed to the unexplainable features uANCHORING in AP. Besides, the linguistic parameters involved are set due to various ways of feature checking, which readily captures the cross-linguistic phenomena.

     

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