论“了2”的认识预期以汉语条件句中的“了2”为例

On the Epistemic Expectation of le2: A Case Study of Chinese Conditionals

  • 摘要: 文章以汉语条件句为例,探讨“了2”的主观性语义。从CP分裂理论出发,我们认为表主观态度的“了2”位于CPattitude的中心语位置,其辖域为整个条件句命题。根据相应的检验格式,本文论证“了2”的主观性体现在说话者的“认识预期”,即说话者判定所涉及事件为极大概率乃至全概率事件,因此“了2”充当了“认识预期”标记。本文进一步对le-条件句的一般/违实解读给出了统一的分析:当说话者认为条件句命题与其预期一致,此时产生一般条件解读;而当说话者的预期与现实既定事态相矛盾,“了2”触发了基于反预期的违实解读。这种语用层面的“不和谐”亦解释了为何“了2”位于条件句后件更容易表达感叹。

     

    Abstract: This paper explores the subjectivity of le2, focusing on Chinese conditionals. Based on CP split theory, it argues that le2 indicating the subjective attitude is located at the head of CPattitude and scopes over the whole conditional proposition. By exploiting relevant diagnostics, it concludes that the subjectivity imposed on le2 is reflected in the epistemic expectation of the speaker, who assigns the involved event an extremely high or even total probability. Le2 is hence considered as epistemic expectation marker. Furthermore, this paper provides a unified account for the hypothetical /counterfactual reading associated with le-conditionals: The hypothetical reading results from the evaluation of the speaker that the proposition is consistent with her expectation, whereas the counterfactual reading arises when the speaker’s expectation contradicts with the actual state of affairs. In the latter case, le2 triggers counterfactuality manifested in the counter-expectation. This non-harmony at the pragmatic level also explains why le2 attached at the consequence of conditionals generally gives rise to exclamation.

     

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