指宾副词的跨语言参数设置及外框架推导

The Cross-Linguistic Parametric Settings in Object-Oriented Adverbs and Their Exo-Skeletal Derivation

  • 摘要: 指宾副词是语类上为副词,语义上却指向宾语状态的特殊副词。这类副词并非存在于所有语言,在具体语言中的表现也存在差异。本文认为这种跨语言的不同表现应该归因于普遍语法层面的程度中心语可见性参数的设置。借助Borer的外框架理论模型,本文尝试推导汉语、日语、英语中的相关句法表现,并提出功能短语引入论元和词根提升合并副词标记这两个操作是这一现象产生的关键。同时,本文分析还指出指宾副词与VA结构没有本质联系。这说明表面上看似简单的词汇在句法上可能具有复杂的结构和推导过程。

     

    Abstract: Object-oriented adverbs categorially appear to be adverbs but semantically describe the state of the object. They do not exist in every language and behave differently in those which do have them. This paper attributes this difference to parametric settings for the head of degree phrase in terms of its visibility on the level of universal grammar. Based on Borer’s Exo-skeletal Model, this paper tries to derive the relevant structures in Mandarin, Japanese and English, and proposes that a successful derivation rests upon two operations: the introduction of the argument via the specifier of functional projections and the raising of the root to combine with the adverbial marker. This analysis in addition indicates that there is no structural common basis underlying object-oriented adverbs and VA constructions. The result shows that words that are simple on the surface may have a complicated derived structure.

     

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