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20 March 2021, Volume 44 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Differentiation of Negation from the Perspective of State of Affairs: A Case Study on the Construction Competition Between 'bingbu X' and 'youbu X' Yu CHEN 2021, 44 (2):  2-10.  Abstract ( 854 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF（pc） (5009KB) ( 554 )   Save This paper makes a comparison on two negation constructions in modern Mandarin: 'bingbu X' and 'youbu X'.With a comprehensive review of the existing studies, it focuses on the key nuances of the two constructions by posing them in the framework of construction competition, and by controlling undirected variables.Then based on of the theory of state of affairs, it pragmatically differentiates their essential distinction: 'bingbu X' represents the negation of what it is, while 'youbu X' the negation of what should be.The given account both solves some tough problems and shows the interpretability in the existing studies. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Subject-Object Asymmetry in Constituents' Extraction in Chinese Restrictive Relative Clauses—On the Nullification of Generalized Control Rule (GCR) and the Validity of Its Extended Version YU Xiaomei, MA Zhigang 2021, 44 (2):  11-22.  Abstract ( 905 )   Save Subject-object asymmetry can be observed in the extraction of the constituents in restrictive relative clauses in Chinese, while movement and base-generation are involved in various relative constructions either singly or together.By classifying and differentiating sufficient empirical data, the present article elaborates on the subject-object asymmetry when relative clauses are modifying different syntactic constituents.While the view of non-subject at the underlying representation and Generalized Control Rule (GCR) are of certain explanatory power, there still remain empirical data that are not well accounted for.By extending GCR, the present article also points out that whether the theme clause can appropriately describe the topic NP is one of the underlying linguistic motivations for the subject-object asymmetry.In addition, the article reanalyzes transitive uses of some unaccusative verbs like fasheng in current literature and concludes that this type of verbs are inherently not compatible with subjects, but license topics at the beginning of sentences.Diagnostics like relativization support this analysis.Future studies should to delve into the possible effects on the formation of double relative clauses by the order of relativizing subjects and objects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Empirical Approach to the Track of English Noun-Verb Conversions LIU Guohui 2021, 44 (2):  23-30,40.  Abstract ( 759 )   Save Conversion, as part of speech representation, is a special and common phenomenon in English. However, previous studies rarely touch on empirical researches on the track of lexical conversion. Therefore, this paper attempts to examine the most typical English noun-verb conversions via a survey of dictionaries and English corpora, finding that:1) from the perspective of authoritative English-American dictionaries, the noun-verb conversion occupies an absolute dominant position; 2) synchronically, different from the noun-verb distribution in the language system, converted verbs account for 10-16% more than the nouns, and the styles in which they appear seem to be the same; 3) diachronically, distinct from the noun-verb distribution trend in the system, the frequency of converted nouns has decreased while that of converted verbs increased in the past 200 years; 4) grammatically, all converted nouns are mostly singular while most converted verbs are in past and progressive tenses; 5) as for native speaking countries of English, the United States scores the largest number of converted verbs; 6) as to the acquisition, Chinese college students, especially those from 985 key universities, use far more converted nouns than verbs. The motivations for the above may lie in the noun-verb cornerstone and their inclusion. Such conversion indicates not only cross-category performance and transformation, but also strong expressivity and suitability for the change of styles or verbal variety. Moreover, it is economical and satisfies human cognitive profiles. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese Quasi-attributive Constructions: From the Perspective of Cognitive Reference Point Relationship and Metonymy LIU Yunfei, QU Qiong, CHEN Qi, LI Yuehua 2021, 44 (2):  31-40.  Abstract ( 949 )   Save The special structure of "NP de" in Chinese quasi-attributives reflects a Chinese-specific cognitive process.Putting forward an analysis model from the perspectives of cognitive reference point and metonymy, this paper tries to give a further and unified explanation for the cognitive construction of main types of Quasi-attributive Construction, thereby fulfilling the Generalization Commitment of cognitive linguistics.According to this model, in Quasi-attributive Sentences, 1) de profiles a schematic reference point relationship, in which NP plays the role of a reference point, pointing to a particular abstract feature it possesses, and forms a reference point chain; 2) in accordance with the simplicity requirement of Chinese grammar, a certain part of this chain is omitted, the remaining part of the reference point chain metonymically expresses the whole chain; 3) the joint operation of several cognitive mechanisms can produce the effect that can not be produced when these mechanisms operate separately. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Embedded Implicature: An Unresolved Issue in Conversational Implicature Theory XUE Bing 2021, 44 (2):  41-49.  Abstract ( 1194 )   Save It has been noticed that post-propositional conversational implicature can be embedded under the scope of logical operator and contributes to the truth-conditional propositional meaning.This type of embedded implicature is at issue with Gricean conversational implicature theory and has become a focus in the current theoretical debates over grammatical and pragmatic approaches.This paper presents a critical review of the existent literature on embedded implicature, and points out that the grammatical view is over-generating and pragmatic view under-generating.Furthermore, it claims that a further understanding of embedded implicature relies on broadening the research scope, innovating the empirical research paradigm, and exploring a model based on the interaction between grammar and pragmatics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Comparative Study of the Discourse on Emotions of Chinese and American CEO's Letters from the Perspective of Appraisal System — Text Mining Technology Based on Sentiment Dictionary and Machine Learning CHE Siqi, LI Xuepei 2021, 44 (2):  50-59.  Abstract ( 967 )   Save This paper integrates the text mining technology of sentiment dictionary and machine learning, and uses the linguistic appraisal system to compare and analyze the discourse on emotions of English version of Sino-US Enterprises' CEO's letters.The research finds that:1) the accuracy of combining sentiment dictionary with machine learning algorithms are better than that of using sentiment dictionary alone.2) Chinese companies have a more positive sentiment, while American companies have a more neutral sentiment.In the letters, American companies not only show their own social responsibility performances, but also focus on the situation of their external suppliers and communities.3) different economic systems, cultural features and thinking patterns of Chinese and American enterprises lead to obvious differences in sentence structure, discourse theme and discourse distribution in the letters.This study can provide reference for Chinese enterprises to write CEO's letters in accordance with the characteristics of the other party's native language and culture, thus promoting the norms of enterprise information disclosure, and shaping a good image of Chinese enterprises, and also provide guidance for business English teaching. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Influence of Frequency on the L2 Processing of Mismatch Construction: A Neuro-cognitive Perspective Songsong CHEN 2021, 44 (2):  60-68.  Abstract ( 814 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF（pc） (4516KB) ( 52 )   Save The influence of frequency on L2 construction acquisition and processing has received much attention.However, few studies have considered its influence on the L2 processing of mismatch constructions such as Light Verb Constructions (LVC).The present research addresses the problem through ERP experiments on native speakers and high-proficiency Chinese ESL learners.Significant frequency effects are found in both groups, though at different points and with different ERP components.Native speakers show N400 at the final word of the low-frequency LVC, while delayed effects are found in the learner group at the preposition/particle following the LVC (N400) and at the sentence-ending noun phrase (late sustained negativity).The results suggest that construction frequency, form-meaning mismatch and their interaction influence the processing of LVC in both groups.They also result in an unbalanced representation of construction schema in the learners, where the construction form is better represented than the meaning.The findings support the usage-based construction acquisition approach. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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China's Recent Orientations Toward Translation Studies Kefei WANG 2021, 44 (2):  69-74.  Abstract ( 1006 )   HTML ( 40 )   PDF（pc） (3350KB) ( 109 )   Save In the author's opinion, there are two kinds of orientations toward translation studies in recent China.One is the studies with Chinese characteristics, like the discussion of Chinese text's translation, and the other is an internationally academic approach as typified by the corpus-based translation studies.The paper holds that the former needs to be deepened theoretically and to integrate into the international circles, while the latter is supposed to deal with local issues and exhibit Chinese characteristics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Translation Studies from the Perspective of New Liberal Arts Ning WANG 2021, 44 (2):  75-79.  Abstract ( 1237 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF（pc） (3067KB) ( 195 )   Save The new concept of liberal arts is helpful for us to recognize the characteristics of the humanities.It is different from the traditional humanities in the following aspects: International, interdisciplinary, cutting-edge and theoretical.As a discipline between humanities and social sciences, which is also closely related to natural science and technology, translation studies has all the above characteristics.To redefine translation from the perspective of new liberal arts, it is necessary to step out of the traditional "linguo-centrism" and regard it as an important medium of cross-cultural interpretation, representation, dissemination and construction.In this way, its interdisciplinary characteristics can be highlighted.Confronted with the challenge of machine translation and AI translation, people may think that these two will replace traditional manual translation.It is undeniable that the translation of ordinary texts will be replaced by the above two means, however, the translation of texts with high cultural content and abstract theoretical connotation cannot be replaced by any machine or AI translation, nor can they be replaced by those less talented human translators. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Characteristics of Chinese Pragmatic Translation Studies Jingmin FU,Jinlong LIU 2021, 44 (2):  80-85.  Abstract ( 942 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF（pc） (3990KB) ( 107 )   Save The notions such as Chinese-Western theories, thoughts as well as practices, of translation, tend to out-weigh themselves in the comparison between the Chinese Translation Studies and the Western Translation Studies.Foreign translation theories and thoughts tend to be called Western translation theories or thoughts, raising questions from translation scholars for its ambiguity.However, such notions have conventionally been integrated into the Chinese translation studies discourse.It is a surprise that the term Translation Studies with Chinese Characteristics seems so questionable that it has yet reached no consensus in the Chinese translation studies field.This article attempts to elaborate on what the term actually means, or particularly, what the Pragmatic Translation Studies with Chinese Characteristics implies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mapping the Latest Developments of Interpreting Studies at Home and Abroad: A Bibliometric and Bibliographical Research Based on CiteSpace (2015-2019) ZHANG Wei, LIU Yubo 2021, 44 (2):  86-98.  Abstract ( 1447 )   Save This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest developments of interpreting studies both at home and abroad over the past five years based on the bibliometric and bibliographical analysis supported by CiteSpace.It is pointed out that while domestic research mainly focuses on interpreting education and corpus-based interpreting studies and prefers such research methods as questionnaire survey and interpreting corpus, international research attaches more importance to the role of interpreters in the context of community interpreting and favors the experimental approach among other diverse research methods.Regarding the future directions of Chinese interpreting research, it is suggested that attention could be drawn to the systematic cultivation of interpreting competence, corpus-informed interpreting education and research, the development of Chinese interpreting theories for education and research, interpreting history, and reflections upon the objective value of cognitive interpreting research in the face of technological challenges. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Developing the Doctor of Translation and Interpreting (DTI) Program: An Interdisciplinary Perspective FU Linling, MU Lei 2021, 44 (2):  99-108.  Abstract ( 7266 )   Save Establishing the degree of Doctor of Translation and Interpreting (DTI) is a breakthrough for Translation Studies.By taking the degree of Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) as a reference, in terms of its degree authorization, enrollment, training mode, teaching personnel selection and training, course structure and dissertations, this paper summarizes Ed.D.'s experiences that DTI can learn from:1) to evaluate the qualification of potential organizations cautiously and to maintain a steady pace of development; 2) to attach importance to examinees' hands-on experience and comprehensive ability; 3) to ensure students' time invested in school studying and to intensify process management; 4) to recruit a crew of supervisors with clear requirements of their qualifications and obligations; 5) to teach cutting-edge theories and research methods with various course modules; 6) to train students to solve problems from the profession with the assistance of proper theories and tools.The paper also raises potential problems and proposes possible solutions for the development of DTI program.In addition, suggestions on quality standards of DTI education are put forward. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review on Clause Combining Studies ZHU Lishi 2021, 44 (2):  109-120.  Abstract ( 984 )   Save Clause combining (CC) has received remarkable attention from linguists in recent years.Based on the canonical tripartite division of complex sentences, western linguists proposed a cline of clause combining as ‘coordination > cosubordination > subordination’.Through a detailed investigation of the cosubordinate complex sentences, this paper proposes a further division of cosubordination into bidirectional (cosubordination I) vs.mono-directional (cosubordination Ⅱ) dependence; therefore, the paradigm becomes ‘coordination > cosubordination Ⅱ > cosubordination I > subordination’.Instead of treating CC and grammaticalization as if they were blended, just as has been the case of most existing traditional researches, this paper regards the dynamic procedures of CC as the structural grammaticalization of clauses during which the lexical-to-grammatical or grammatical-to-more-grammatical evolutions are highly likely to co-occur.Finally,the paper also provides some comments about the CC researches by Chinese grammarians and proposes future research directions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring Aspects of Translation from a Quaternity Perspective — Interviewing Prof.Rainer Schulte, the Editor-in-chief of Translation Review JIAO Pengshuai 2021, 44 (2):  121-127.  Abstract ( 761 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics