汉语“神”句“神”在哪里?

What Is Unique About Unique Constructions in Chinese

  • 摘要: 近年来,网络上一直流行着“中国乒乓球队,谁也赢不了;中国男子足球队,谁也赢不了”这样的“神”句。本文以情境植入理论为视角,就汉语的“神”句进行论述,揭示基于使用的语法观,展示语法、语用、认知三者界面互动的魅力,有利于促进语言学理论的创新与发展。研究发现:(1)汉语“神”句是情境植入的结果,通过情境植入,从无定到有定,消除了歧义;(2)汉语“神”句是一种对言,对言制造了语用义。从背景到凸显,说明此类“神”句是情境依赖的结果,并非自主,而是具有情境依赖性的,凸显了说话人的一种态度;(3)从客观描写到主观识解,说明此类“神”句表面上看是一种客观描写,实际上却是一种主观识解。语言的情境植入研究具有类型学意义。

     

    Abstract: In recent years, a "unique" sentence like "The Chinese national table tennis team can never be beaten (by others); the Chinese men's national football team can never beat anyone" has been circulating on the internet. From the perspective of grounding theory, this paper discusses Chinese "unique" sentences, reveals a usage-based view of grammar, and demonstrates the charm of the interactive interface among grammar, pragmatics, and cognition, which is conducive to promoting innovation and development in linguistic theories. The study finds that: 1) Chinese "unique" sentences are the result of grounding, which eliminates ambiguity by transforming indefiniteness into definiteness through grounding; 2) Chinese "unique" sentences are a form of Dui-speeches that generates pragmatic meaning. The shift from background to prominence indicates that such "unique" sentences are context-dependent rather than autonomous, highlighting the speaker's attitude; 3) The transition from objective description to subjective interpretation indicates that while these "unique" sentences appear to be objective descriptions on the surface, they are, in fact, subjective interpretations. The study of grounding in language holds typological significance.

     

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