肯否定命题中“从来”的语义理解加工来自事件相关电位的证据

The Processing of Mandarin Chinese Conglai in Affirmative and Negative Propositions: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

  • 摘要: “从来”表示从过去到现在都不存在例外情况的时间跨度,具有全量化的语义特征。有观点认为“从来”在与肯定或否定共现时,上下文语境可以对“从来”的量化意义进行调节。本研究采用事件相关电位技术,考察了“从来”在与肯定或否定命题共现时,受试者的语义理解是否会受到不同语境信息的影响。在上下文语境信息操纵上,本实验将语境信息分为一致(如“小王是很自律的孩子,他从来都能够准时到达班级”)和不一致(如“小王是很懒散的孩子,他从来都能够准时到达班级”)两种类型。脑电结果显示,上下文语境是否一致对“从来”与肯定命题和否定命题共现并无显著影响。“从来”与否定命题共现相较于与肯定命题共现在“从来”的下一屏(如“都能够”)以及句尾词上会产生更大的负波。这一发现表明,在否定条件下,受试者需要耗费更多的认知负荷,使得语义计算过程更复杂。当受试者对于“从来”的量化意义和语境信息整合时,“从来”的量化义这一词汇意义起主导作用。

     

    Abstract: Conglai conveys the semantic feature of total quantification across the timespan from the past up to the present without exceptions. Some perspectives suggest that when conglai co-occurs with affirmative and negative propositions, the contextual discourse can modulate the quantified meaning of conglai – adjusting the scope of quantification to better align with the overall intent expressed in the statement. This study utilized event-related potential (ERP) techniques to investigate whether the semantic comprehension of conglai is influenced by different contextual information when co-occurring with affirmative or negative propositions. In terms of manipulating contextual cues, the experiment categorized contextual information into consistent (e.g., diligent children always arrive at class on time) and inconsistent (e.g., lazy children always arrive at class on time) contexts. According to the ERP results, the consistency of the context did not significantly affect the co-occurrence of conglai with affirmative and negative propositions. Co-occurrence of conglai with negative propositions elicited larger negative waves than co-occurrence with affirmative propositions. This finding demonstrates that in the negation sentences, participants need to expend more cognitive load, which makes the semantic computation process more complex. The quantified meaning of conglai played a dominant role when participants integrated the quantified meaning of conglai with contextual information.

     

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